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Vitamin B12 deficiency
Guidelines
Key sources
The following summarized guidelines for the evaluation and management of vitamin B12 deficiency are prepared by our editorial team based on guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA 2025), the European Association of Urology (EAU 2024), the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL 2022), the Italian Society of Digestive Endoscopy (SIDE/SIGE 2022), the American Society of Anesthesiologists ...
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