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Vertebral artery stenosis
Guidelines
Key sources
The following summarized guidelines for the evaluation and management of vertebral artery stenosis are prepared by our editorial team based on guidelines from the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS 2023), the European Society of Cardiology (ESC/ESVS 2018), and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI/SNIS/SVM/AANS/ASNR/CNS/AANN/SVS/AHA/ACR/SAIP/ACC/ASA/SIR 2011).
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