Table of contents
Infective endocarditis
Background
Overview
Guidelines
Key sources
Screening and diagnosis
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Diagnostic criteria
Diagnostic investigations
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TTE
TEE
Cardiac CTA
Cardiac CT/PET
Brain and whole-body imaging
Dental evaluation
Diagnostic procedures
Medical management
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General principles (guidance for antibiotic therapy)
Antibiotic therapy, initial empiric therapy
Antibiotic therapy, viridans streptococci and S. gallolyticus (NVE, penicillin-susceptible)
Antibiotic therapy, viridans streptococci and S. gallolyticus (NVE, penicillin-resistant)
Antibiotic therapy, viridans streptococci and S. gallolyticus (PVE)
Antibiotic therapy, A. defectiva and Granulicatella adiacens
Antibiotic therapy, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and beta-hemolytic streptococci
Antibiotic therapy, MSSA (NVE)
Antibiotic therapy, MSSA (PVE)
Antibiotic therapy, MRSA (NVE)
Antibiotic therapy, MRSA (PVE)
Antibiotic therapy, coagulase-negative staphylococci
Antibiotic therapy, enterococci (susceptible)
Antibiotic therapy, enterococci (resistant)
Antibiotic therapy, Gram-negative bacilli (HACEK group)
Antibiotic therapy, Gram-negative bacilli (non-HACEK group)
Antibiotic therapy, duration
Antibiotic therapy, removal of IV catheters
Management of antithrombotics
Thrombolytic therapy
Inpatient care
Perioperative care
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Intraoperative echocardiogram
Surgical interventions
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Indications for surgery, left-sided endocarditis (NVE)
Indications for surgery, left-sided endocarditis (PVE)
Indications for surgery, right-sided endocarditis
Specific circumstances
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Pediatric patients (antibiotic therapy, streptococci)
Pediatric patients (antibiotic therapy, MSSA)
Pediatric patients (antibiotic therapy, MRSA)
Pediatric patients (antibiotic therapy, enterococci)
Patients with illicit drug use
Patients with device-related IE (prevention)
Patients with device-related IE (evaluation)
Patients with device-related IE (device removal)
Patients with device-related IE (antibiotic therapy)
Patients with device-related IE (device reimplantation)
Patients with culture-negative endocarditis
Patients with fungal endocarditis (general principles)
Patients with fungal endocarditis (Candida)
Patients with fungal endocarditis (Aspergillus endocarditis)
Patients with neurological complications (evaluation for intracranial aneurysms)
Patients with neurological complications (timing of valve surgery)
Patients with neurological complications (mechanical thrombectomy)
Patients with neurological complications (thrombolytic therapy)
Patients with neurological complications (neurosurgery)
Patients with musculoskeletal complications
Preventative measures
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Antibiotic prophylaxis (dental procedures)
Antibiotic prophylaxis (gastrointestinal procedures)
Antibiotic prophylaxis (mitral valve prolapse)
Antibiotic prophylaxis (pregnancy termination)
Antibiotic prophylaxis (Cesarean delivery)
Antibiotic prophylaxis (genitourinary procedures)
Antibiotic prophylaxis (other procedures)
Follow-up and surveillance
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Laboratory follow-up
Imaging follow-up
Cardiac rehabilitation
Surveillance for complications and recurrence (short-term)
Surveillance for complications and recurrence (long-term)