Distal radius fracture

A DRF refers to a fracture of the radius near the wrist, typically within 2-3 cm of the distal end.

The most common mechanism of injury for DRFs is a fall onto an outstretched hand with the wrist in extension. When the wrist is in dorsiflexion during the fall, it can lead to a Colles fracture, characterized by dorsal displacement of the distal fragment. Other mechanisms include a fall onto a flexed wrist, resulting in a Smith's fracture, characterized by volar displacement of the distal fragment, and a Barton's fracture, characterized by intra-articular involvement. High-energy trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or sports injuries, and low-energy falls in older adults can also result in DRFs.

DRFs are among the most common fractures in the US, with an estimated incidence of 643,000 cases per year.

Risk factors for DRFs include advanced age, osteoporosis, and participation in high-impact activities or sports.

Clinically, patients with a DRF typically present with pain, swelling, and bruising in the wrist area, along with a limited ROM. In some cases, an obvious deformity may be present if the fracture is severe or displaced. In some cases, patients may also develop nerve complications, such as ulnar nerve palsy.

The prognosis for a DRF largely depends on the severity of the fracture and the patient's overall health. Generally, these fractures heal within a few months.