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Catheter-associated urinary tract infection
What's new
Updated 2024 EAU guidelines for the diagnosis and management of catheter-associated urinary tract infection .
Background
Overview
Definition
CA-UTI is a common hospital-acquired infection characterized by various medical complications such as catheter encrustation, bladder stones, septicemia, endotoxic shock, and pyelonephritis.
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Pathophysiology
Colonization of the urinary catheter and/or uroepithelial cells, evasion of host defenses, replication, and damage to host cells by uropathogens are involved in the development of CA-UTI. Common microbiological agents include E. coli, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae, P. vulgaris, C. freundii, Providentia rettgeri, and C. albicans.
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Disease course
Clinical manifestations include fever, urethritis, cystitis, acute pyelonephritis, renal scarring, calculus formation, and bacteremia. Disease progression may lead to urosepsis and death.
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Prognosis and risk of recurrence
Several studies report an association between catheter-associated infection, increased mortality, and prolonged length of stay in acute care facilities.
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Guidelines
Key sources
The following summarized guidelines for the evaluation and management of catheter-associated urinary tract infection are prepared by our editorial team based on guidelines from the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP 2024), the European Association of Urology (EAU 2024), the Spanish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (SEIMC 2017), and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA 2010).
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