Anorectal varices

Anorectal varices are enlarged, tortuous veins located in the lower rectum and anus.

The pathophysiology of anorectal varices is primarily related to portal hypertension. This increased pressure forces blood to flow through smaller collateral veins, leading to the development of varices in the anorectal region. The prevalence of anorectal varices is higher in patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction compared to those with liver cirrhosis.

The incidence of anorectal varices associated with different pathologies varies from 38% to 95%, with an incidence of up to 89% in patients with portal hypertension.

Clinically, patients with anorectal varices may present with symptoms such as rectal bleeding, pain, and discomfort. However, these varices are often asymptomatic until they rupture and bleed.

The prognosis of anorectal varices is largely dependent on the severity of the underlying condition causing portal hypertension. Complications can include bleeding, which can be significant in some cases.